Evaluation the levels of some immune parameters in rats infected with a parasite Enterobius vermicularis that treated with gold nanoparticles , neem extract, and albendazole

Abstract

Background and Objective:Enterobius vermicularis also known as pinworm, is the most common a parasitic worm infections in the world, with most cases among children.The current study aimed to demonstrate the levels of some immunological parameters in rats infected with pinworm Enterobius vermicularis and the effect of treatment with two concentrations of gold particles (1.5% and 2%),  neem extract, neem extract with gold particles and  albendazole treatment on those parameters.  Methods: A total of 640 stool samples were collected from patients attending Tikrit Hospital and private laboratories in Tikrit city, for the period from January to October 2024. The rats were divided into five groups included: Negative control: uninfected, positive control:  Infected without treatment, positive control: Infected with treatment, Immunized ( injected with 1 ml of attenuated egg vaccine) infected and treated and negative control rats (treatment group only). Results: The different concentrations of gold nanoparticles, the loaded nanocomposite, neem extract, and medical treatment demonstrated effect on the levels of immune parameters in the treated groups compared to the infected group without treatment. In infected rats without treatment, a significant increase was found in the concentrations of transforming growth factor beta with a mean value 371.8 pg/ml and interleukin-8 with a mean value 288.8 pg/ml at a significant level (P≤0.01), while a significant decrease was found in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha with a mean value 18.3 pg/ml and interleukin-12 with a mean value 9.65 pg/ml at a significant level (P≤0.01). Meanwhile, histamine levels among the groups were within the normal range at a significant level (P≤0.05). No significant changes were observed in those parameters of other treated groups , which remain within normal values. Conclusion: Infection of laboratory rats with Enterobius vermicularis revealed a significant increases in the both concentrations of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-8 at a significant level (P≤0.01), while a significant decreases were found in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 at a significant level (P≤0.01). Meanwhile, histamine levels among the groups were within the normal range at a significant level (P≤0.05).