Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Sciences (TJVS) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open-access journal. It publishes original research articles, reviews, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of veterinary sciences, including prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, disorder, and injury in animals. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental details and/or method of study must be provided for research articles. Articles submitted that involve subjecting animals to unnecessary pain or suffering will not be accepted, and all articles must be submitted with the necessary ethical approval (please refer to the Ethical Guidelines for more information). Manuscripts must be submitted in the English language irrespective of the native language of the author(s). All manuscripts are considered for review subject to the author(s)’ written undertaking that they have not been and will not be published elsewhere in anyway, and that there are no ethical concerns with the contents of the manuscripts or data collection. The author(s) warrant that the information submitted is not redundant and respects general guidelines of ethics in publishing. All manuscripts are peer-reviewed before publication by at least two referees, who are known scholars in their fields worldwide. TJVS doesn't reveal the identities of the reviewers to the author(s).
Impact of Alcoholic Cabbage Extract on T3, T4 & TSH Hormones Levels and Histological Architecture of the Thyroid Gland in Adult Male Rats
The present study sought to investigate the effects of alcoholic white cabbage extract on the thyroid gland by analyzing its morphological and functional status in experimental rats. The adult rats at the age of three months were obtained from the Animal House of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University in one month (9/9/2024 to 2024/10/9). Twelve mature male albino rats (weighing between 250 and 300 g) were randomly assigned to three equal groups. Each group included four rats. The first group (G1) served as the control group, the second group (G2) was given cabbage extract at a dose of (100 mg per kg of body weight orally) three days a week for a month, and the third group (G3) received the same dose daily orally for a month. The study found no significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum TSH concentrations in group (G2). However, group (G3) rats showed a significant increase compared to the control group (G1). Blood concentrations of T3 and T4 significantly decreased (at p≤0.05) in groups (G2) and (G3) compared to the (G1) group. Histological data for the groups (G2 and G3) show a detectable alteration. Follicle size revealed aberrant, non-homogeneous colloid with a lack of vacuoles, vacuolar degeneration in follicular cells, loss of follicular cells in certain follicles, and follicles of various sizes packed with colloid and enclosed by columnar to flat epithelium. Group (G3) had enlarged or dilated follicles, no peripheral vacuoles, scalloped colloid in some follicles with flattened epithelium, degraded follicular epithelial cells, and bleeding. According to the study, cabbage extract administration causes significant histological changes in albino rats' thyroid glands, such as vacuolar degeneration, collagen fiber deposition, sloughing of follicular cells, scalloping of colloid, flat epithelium, and reduced serum concentrations of T3 and T4, potentially leading to an increase in TSH levels in the blood.
Alcoholic Cabbage Extract, Thyroid Hormones, Glandular Architecture, Male Rats
Copyright (c) 2025 Tikrit Journal of Veterinary Science
Anatomical Description of Liver and intrahepatic Distribution of Hepatic vein and Hepatic portal vein in pigeon (Columbia domestica(
This study was carried out to determine the anatomical characteristics of the pigeon liver and the anatomical description of the location of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein within the liver, which is to enhance research, whether it be for academic study. The current research was conducted on 12 pigeons of both sexes. The birds were divided into two groups, each one containing six birds. The bird was anesthetized and slaughtered. The two groups were injected with the liquid latex, where the first group was injected into the caudal vena cava, and the second group was injected with latex into the hepatic portal vein. According to the findings of the liver's anatomical analysis, the pigeon's liver is composed of both right and left lobes, is situated in the thoraco-abdominal cavity, and has a red-brown in color. The right vein, transverse portion (the connecting part between the right and left portal vein), and left vein comprised the hepatic portal vein. The hepatic vein is composed of four branches (right, left, middle and umbilical). with slight differences in the number of intrahepatic vein tributaries and the distribution pattern between male and female pigeons.
Anatomy, Liver, Pigeon, Hepatic vein and Portal vein
The preventive role of lactoferrin on some immune variables in rats experimentally infected with E. coli leading to amelioration the infection
Male albino rats were used in this study and were obtained and bred in the animal house of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Tikrit University. A total of thirty two animals were used in the experiment and divided into two groups, each containing 16 animals. The first group received 100 mg/kg of lactoferrin orally. The second group (the control group) was given only water. Then, the animals were given 0.5 ml of E.coli bacterial suspension containing 4×106 CFU/ml . This dose was determined by the LD50 test.Blood was drawn from the eye socket on days (3, 6, 12, 24) from the start of the experiment and placed in special tubes to conduct the tests required in the research, which are, IgG, CD8, IL-1β, TNF-α,The tests were performed using ELISA technology. The highest CD8 value on day 24 for animals in the control group was given only E.coli. Interleukin 1 β showed the highest value on days 3 and 6 for the lactoferrin group given bacteria. IgG showed the highest value on day 24 for the lactoferrin group given bacteria. Finally, TNF- α showed the highest value on day 3 for the lactoferrin group given bacteria. Lactoferrin influences immune variables and bacterial resistance.
Detection of Hemolytic Activity of Brucella melitensis Antigens Loaded in Nanocarriers
The hemolytic potential of NPs has been the subject of numerous studies as a critical indicator of their safety in vaccine applications. In this study, the elemental compositions of Brucella melitensis Antigens (BMAs) loaded in Ca, Phosphate/ Chitosan nanocomposite created by encapsulation method. In addition, size, and surface topography were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometers, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS/EDX), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of Brucella melitensis antigens loaded in calcium phosphate/chitosan nanoparticles was determined by measuring the hemoglobin released from rabbit erythrocytes using a spectrophotometer at 545 nm. The results showed that λ max of BMAs, Ca, P/CsNPs were present at 1.987 at the wavelength 232 nm which differed from the absorbance values of CaP/Cs NPs and Brucella melitensis Antigens samples respectively. The main components of BMAs, Ca, P/CsNPs were C, O, and sodium, with 22.2%, 46.1%, and 20.7 % respectively and the secondary components were Ca and P with 4.4% and 1.3 % respectively. Additionally, other elements confirmed the presence of Brucella melitensis antigens in. nanocomposite. The average particle size was 30.15 nm and a total height of 107.4 nm. Additionally, the hemolysis index of BMAs, Ca, P/Cs NPs was not detectable against rabbit RBCs. We can conclude that the unique properties of CaP/CsNPs enabled the carry of Brucella melitensis antigens and were nontoxic for RBCs, suggesting potential candidates for vaccine applications against Brucella melitensis.
Brucella melitensis Antigens, Ca, P/Cs NPs, hemolysis assays, hemolysis index
Role of pumpkin seed extract in improving the apoptotic pathways of hepatocytes in STZ-induced diabetic rats
In diabetic rats given an experimental treatment, the impact of alcoholic pumpkin seed extract (Cucurbita pepo L.) on hepatocellular mortality and inflammation was studied. One intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg) caused diabetes in male rats, followed by a dose of pumpkin seed extract (200 mg/kg), for three months, given every other day. TNF-α levels in diabetic rats treated with pumpkin seed extract improved to normal. Pumpkin seed extract also prevented arise in p53, Bax, caspases-3, 8, and 9, lessened hepatic damage of DNA, and slowed the rise in TNF-α levels. It also regulated apoptosis by increasing the production of Bcl-2 protein. Based on current research, pumpkin seeds may shield the liver from necrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and DNA damage by enhancing the redox state, inhibiting p53 and caspases, and raising Bcl-2 protein. As a result of enhancing apoptotic signals, pumpkin seeds have a great deal of therapeutic promise for managing diabetes and its adverse effects on the liver.
Diabetes, Pumpkin, Apoptosis, Oxidative stress, STZ
Clinical and some biocemical study of gastrointestinal helminths infestation in dogs in Tikrit city
The present study aimed to diagnose the types gastrointestinal helminths in dogs in Tikrit city, with recording the clinical signs and some biochemical changes that the animals suffered from due to this infection. The study included 150 samples of dogs feces and blood were collected (140 dogs suspected and 10 healthy dogs were considered as a control group After checking it), The study conducted from February/2024 to October /2024, the animals from both sexes, in ages (>6 months) from different areas of Tikrit city. The study revealed a significant increased (P<0.05) in respiratory and heart rate in infected dogs compared with control group, and observation of a number of clinical signs, which differed according to the types of worms and the severity of the infection. The most prominent of these signs suffered by infected dogs was emaciation and general weakness, in percentages of (72.9%), depression (52.9%), pale mucus membrane (42.4%), dry coat (38..8%), easy hair detached (32.9%), diarrhea 20 (25.9%), dehydration (21.2%), Jaundice (11.8%), couphin (10.6%), bloody diarrhea (8.2%), melena (7.1%) and abdominal distention (5.9%). The results of different caprological test showed 85 dogs, at a rate of 60.7%, were infected with gastrointestinal worms. included multiple genus of worms, represented by by Taenia spp. in numbers and percentages of 65(65%), Diplidium spp. 36(42%), Toxocara spp. 35 (41.2%), Ehinococcus spp. 32(37.6%), Ancylostoma spp. 22(25.9%), Trichuris spp. 20 (23.5%), Capillaria spp. 18(21.2%), Strongyloides spp. 14(16.5%), Diphyllobothrium spp. 13(15.3%), Toxascaris spp. 10(11.8%), Spirocerca spp. 10(11.8%), Paragonimus spp. 8(9.4%), Dicrocoelium dendriticum 6(7.1%) and showed the lowest infection rate with worms of the genus Hymenolepis spp. 3(3.5%) The results of biochemical parameters, where a significant decrease was observed in the concentration rates of Fe, Vit. B12, total protein, albumin and SOD, while showed a significant increase in the rates of MAD in infected dogs when compared with the control group. It was concluded from the current study that dogs were infected gasrointestinal worms, which negatively affected on Animal health status and biochemical parameter in the body.
clinical signs, Biochemical changes, gastrointestinal helminthis, dogs
Comparative Evaluation of Anticoagulant Effects of Curcumin and Ginger Against Warfarin in Rat Models
The rising demand for oral anticoagulants necessitates the investigation of novel alternatives, particularly in light of the limitations associated with Warfarin. Curcumin, the primary bioactive constituent of turmeric, exhibits significant anticoagulant properties, as evidenced by empirical studies indicating its ability to prolong clotting times and reduce thrombin activity, thereby presenting a potential breakthrough in thrombotic disorder management.underscoring the importance of this spice for enhanced quality of life. Material and method :The investigation involved 48 rats categorized into eight groups, with six rats allocated per group. The first group control, the second group cohort received warfarin, the third with turmeric, the fourth with ginger, the fifth with warfarin and curcumin , the sixth with warfarin with ginger , the seventh with curucmin and ginger, and the eighth a combination of warfarin, turmeric, and ginger, to assess the anticoagulant and antiplatelet properties of ginger and curcumin in vivo, employing rat blood samples for comparative analysis against warfarin through various assays including Fibrinogen, Vitamin K, Fibrinogen Degradation Product, Prothrombin time, INR, APTT, bleeding time. Results :Findings revealed that the inclusion of turmeric and ginger enhances the efficacy of warfarin in lowering vitamin K levels while simultaneously prolonging prothrombin time, bleeding time, INR, and clotting duration. The research indicated that turmeric specifically influences fibrinolysis, whereas ginger affects thrombin time. Additionally, the study demonstrated that turmeric and ginger contribute to increased hemoglobin levels. Conclusion: drawn from the research suggests that turmeric and ginger may serve as viable alternatives to warfarin when its adverse effects are unmanageable. The primary objective was to assess the anticoagulant effectiveness of turmeric and ginger in comparison to warfarin.
Anticoagulant, Zingiber officinale, Curcuma longa, Warfarin
Evaluation of the role of melatonin for protect testicular tissues from harmful effects of diclofenac in rat male
The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effect of melatonin as an protect testicular tissues after the harmful effects of diclofenac. Thirteen rats were used in this study, which lasted for month. Divided into 6 groups, each group contain 5 rats. The control group G1 (vehicle treated) received normal saline (0.1 ml/day). The Second group G2 (5 rats) treated with Diclofenac. (0.7 mg/Kg/B.W), The Third group G3 (5 rats) was treated with Melatonin. (0.07 mg/Kg/B.W), The Fourth group G4 (5rats) was treated with Diclofenac.(1.4 mg/Kg/B.W),The fifth group G5(5 rats) was treated with Melatonin + Diclofenac.(0.7 mg/Kg/B.W +0.07 mg/Kg/B.W),and The sixth group G6 (5 rats) was treated with Melatonin + Diclofenac. (1.4 mg/Kg/B.W +0.07 mg/Kg/B.W). The results indicate that diclofenac sodium induces significant reproductive dysfunction in male rats, characterized by degeneration of spermatogenic cells and Leydig cells. Melatonin administration appears to mitigate some of these adverse effects, particularly at the lower dose of diclofenac (0.7 mg/Kg/B.W), suggesting its potential as a protective agent against diclofenac-induced reproductive toxicity. Further studies are warranted to explore the mechanisms underlying these protective effects and to optimize treatment protocols. In conclusion, the reproductive toxicity effects of DF these effects on testicular tissues could be attenuated by treatment with melatonin.
Melatonin, Diclofenac, Testis tissues, Rat's male
Assessment of Copper Deficiency and effected on Some haematological and biochemical in Lambs in Salah Al-Din City
Copper (Cu) is an essential trace element in ruminant nutrition, playing a crucial role in enzymatic functions, hematopoiesis, and connective tissue synthesis. Copper deficiency in sheep can be primary (due to low dietary intake) or secondary (resulting from antagonistic interactions with minerals such as iron, molybdenum, and sulfur), leading to impaired copper metabolism. This study was conducted in different areas of Salah al-Din city (Tikrit - Al-Alam - Samarra - Baiji) during the period from June 2 to October 15, 2024. (100) lambs were obtained, fifty of which were a control group, fifty subclinical lambs suffering from copper insufficiency, and the clinical group suffering from copper deficiency. from different areas of Salah al-Din city. The ages of the animals ranged from one month to two years and their weights ranged between (4-50) kgThe results showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels6.15±3.207 B , red blood cell count2.71±1.887 C , and ceruloplasmin activity 6.60±4.180 C , along with an increase in leukocyte counts8.20±2.201 B, indicating immune dysfunction. Additionally, This study highlights the importance of maintaining proper mineral balance in sheep nutrition to prevent copper deficiency-related health issues and enhance productivity.
Copper, Copper Deficiency, Sheep, Metabolism, Blood Analysis
Investigation the effect of isotretinoin on some level hormones in female rats
The aim of the study Investigation the effect of isotretinoin on serum LH,FSH, Prolactin and AMH level hormones in female rats The current study Contain 20 rats, each group containing five rats. The first group was the control group given normal saline daily by oral, while the second group was given the drug 15 mg/kg isotretinoin (Pinar et al.,2020) and the third group was given 30 mg/kg isotretinoin. The fourth group was given 30 mg/kg isotretinoin and omega-3 400mg\kg. after 30 days of treatment serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, and total and anti- Muller hormone were measured and compared. After treatment, mean serum LH,FSH,and AMH levels significantly decreased in G2 and G4, but prolactin serum levels increase. While in G4 There was a slight improvement in hormone LH,FSH,and AMH levels.
Isotretinoin, reproductive system female rat, level hormones
Histometric comparative study of the Harderian gland between newly hatching and two month old turkey bird
Twenty healthy turkey bird of both sexes at two ages (1week, 2months) were used in the current study. They were selected from local farm in Iraq. The Harder gland were consisted of one lobe located in the medioposterior part and ventrally aspect of the orbit behind the eye ball and surrounded by the ocular muscles. It was oval shape , pink to red in color, with rough surface , it was compound tubuloacinar gland. Many ducts were drained in to central collecting duct of the wide irregular lumen. Thin connective tissue capsule of mesothelium covered the gland completely, this capsule were sent trabecula which dividing the gland into a lot of lobules. The gland lined with columnar cells epithelia different in heights, with basally located dark nucleus and light stained cytoplasm which contained secretary vacuoles. The secretary unites were incompletely surrounded by myoepithelial cells, the dark elongated Myoepithelial cells were clearly noticed.
harderian gland, collecting duct, turkey bird, secretory units
Evaluation of Antioxidant Effect of Phytosome ginger in Male rats with Diabetes Induced by Alloxan
This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant effect in rats with Alloxan-induced diabetes. A total of 30 rats weighing 200-250g were separated to six groups, the primary group provided as the, control group, the following group as the untreated diabetic group, the third group was preserved with ginger, fourth group with ginger phytosome, the fifth group with a combination ginger and Glibenclamide, and the sixth group with ginger phytosome and Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in rat through intraperitoneal injection at a dosage of Alloxan (100 mg/kg) of animal mass. results demonstrated that rats with diabetic induced by alloxan exhibited an important reduction (p < 0.001) in antioxidant enzymes compared to the control collection, However, treatment with ginger phytosome caused a highly important improvement (p < 0.001) in antioxidant activity. Objective of this study, Evaluating the antioxidant effect of ginger and its phytosome in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats
ginger, Glibenclamide, diabetics, enzyme, phytosome
Histomorphological descriptive study of the Iraqi wild rabbit spleen
This study aimed to describe the anatomical and histological parameters in the spleen of the wild rabbits. Ten healthy adult wild rabbits were included. The spleen was collected and prepared for histological and morphological studies. The spleen of wild rabbit is dark red color and locate in abdominal cavity beneath the diaphragm. The histological study showed that the wild rabbit spleen has thick capsule, covered the white and red pulps.
Wild rabbit ,Red pulp, Capsule ,Diaphragm
The Role of Baobab in Controlling Oxidative Stress on induced diabetic Male Albino Rats
This study has been conducted in order to examine the effects of baobab on oxidative stress in a diabetic model. Including seven groups, involved 10 albino rat for each group the first group is the control group that no treatment and positive group diabetic group which treated with alloxan was used to induce diabetes in the experimental group 100 mg/kg. Blood samples were taken to confirm diabetes, and after stabilization, the experimental group was distributed into subgroups. Different treatments, including baobab crude 500mg/kg , metformin 100 mg/kg, and combination(baobab 500 mg/kg + metformine 100 mg/kg) , were administered orally until day 30 . Kidney and liver samples isolated collected for histological analysis. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and tests was be performed, and the results was presented as mean ± SEM Baobab effectively reduced malondialdehyde MDA levels and increased total antioxidant status TAOS, indicating its potential as an antioxidant in managing oxidative stress associated with diabetes. Histological examination showed changing in liver tissue structure. Baobab has promising potential as a natural option for decrease the oxidative stress and preventing complications in diabetes. In conclusion, Baobab, has antioxidant properties and has shown promise in managing oxidative stress In the context of rat diabetes, the application of baobab has demonstrated effective reductions in MDA levels, concurrent increases in TAOS, and notable enhancements in liver tissue structure. The utilization of baobab's crude plant form emerges as a potential natural strategy to bolster overall health and preempt complications linked to diabetes. However, it is imperative to underscore that a more comprehensive investigation is required to gain a thorough grasp of its therapeutic capabilities.
Baobab, antioxidant properties, oxidative stress, diabetes mallitus
Effect of adding E. globulus (Myrtaceae) on growth, immunological and biochemical parameters in Cyprinus carpio L.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of E. globulus on growth performance on Common carp. For this purpose, 100 fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio weight ranged between 65.18 -65.36 g were randomly distributed into five treatment groups. Fish were fed with different E. globulus concentrations: 0.25% (T2), 0.5% (T3), 0.65% (T4) and 1% (T5). The first group (T1) was serve as control group without any addition of E. globulus . After 28 days of feeding, blood samples were collected for determination of hematological and biochemical parameters. The feed trail results indicate that treatment groups supplemented with E. globulus had significantly greater growth rates, hematological and biochemical parameters (P≤0.05) as compared to the control group. The highest values were observed in the T4 supplement with 1.5 percent E. globulus. Our findings indicate that the food supplement of E. globulus enhanced the hematological, biochemical, and growth rate parameters of C. carpio. This shows that the carp are using this feeding supplement.
Immunohistochemical of Glycoprotein Cluster of Differentiation 44 (CD44) Expression in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and it is ranked as second in terms of cancer related death in women. The aim of this study several stem markers have been described for the various histological subtypes of breast cancer, stem cells (CSCs) of breast cancer have been found to strongly express adhesion molecule glycoprotein cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). CD44 is expressed in the membrane of the cells, so it differs from the other studied markers which were cytoplasmic expressed markers. Negative expression scored (0) were observed in 15 out of 31samples (48.3%), while score (+) found in 5 out of 31samples (16.12%), score (++) found in 2 out of 31samples (6.4%)and score (+++) found in 9 out of 31samples.
CD44s; Breast cancer; Immunohistochemical staining
The influence of selenium on ruminants ' reproduction :A Review
In general, farm animals in this region(Kirkuk) have low reproductive efficiency when compared to other parts of the world. One of the most important ways to raise the reproductive efficiency of animals by following regular reproductive and nutritional programs to improve the performance of the animal by using vitamins and minerals as food additives, which are important for the growth and reproduction of animals. Through the current article, we try to highlight the importance of selenium in the reproductive animals.
Histological assessment for the effect of Growth hormone one the albino mice kidney, followed by administration of Sage extract as a trial for treatment
This study used (40) laboratory mice whose average weight was (30 ± 3) grams, divided equally into four groups. The first group was injected subcutaneously with growth hormone at a concentration of 0.2 kilograms/mg between one day and another at a dose of 0.25 ml. for a period of three months. While the animals of second group were injected with 0.2mg/kg BW growth hormone and dosed orally with sage extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg of body weight for three months. The third group was dosed with sage extract only, while the fourth group (control group) was not dosed or injected. The animals were dissected and samples were taken from the animals' kidneys and prepared for histological study to study the tissue changes resulting from injection with growth hormone and dosing with sage extract. The results showed the absence of normal tissue pattern in the group of male mice injected with growth hormone, in contrast to the group of mice injected with growth hormone and dosed with sage extract, while no tissue changes appeared in the kidneys of mice dosed with sage extract.
kidneys ; histological study; growth hormone
Study of histological and embryonic liver developments of rat fetuses before birth for days (10, 15, 19)
The liver is one of the vital organs in the body, playing a significant and essential role in performing a variety of functions that assist in supporting the immune system, digestion, metabolism, detoxification, and storage of vitamins, among other functions. Additionally, its active role extends throughout fetal life before birth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes occurring in liver cells and tissues of fetuses before birth, specifically on days (10, 15, 19), and to understand its role and effective impact on fetal development. This study was conducted at the Animal House of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Tikrit University in Iraq. Laboratory rats obtained from the same study location were used, with a total of nine (9) rats, comprising six (6) females for tissue sectioning and three (3) males solely for mating purposes. The females were divided into three groups for days (10, 15, 19) before birth. After dissection and selection of the organs (liver parts), the samples were fixed, and tissue sections were prepared using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed clear indications of the formation and development of various liver cells, including hepatocytes, bile ducts, and central veins, reflecting this development on fetal life. This developmental process persisted until birth.
Rats, Liver, Hepatic sinusoids, Hepatocytes, Prenatal
Describe the growth curve in Shami goats and provide a non-linear function based on the composition and production of milk to estimate the performance of the kids
An investigation into the coefficient of determination (R2) was carried out at the Ruminant Research Station of the Agricultural Research Department/Ministry of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib (20 km west of Baghdad), during the production season, on a sample of (50) kids and their mothers (does). The suitability of five asymptotic nonlinear models to describe milk production and composition of shami goats and kidding body weight growth from weaning to 6 months of age has been examined. The results of this study showed there was a positive and significant (P≤0.05) coefficient of regression (b)for kids weaning weight on daily milk production (kg) were (3.419) kg/kg, that is, the weaning weight increases (3.419) kg, and there was a positive and significant (P≤0.05) regression coefficient (b)for kids age of 6 months (kg) on daily milk production (kg) were (3.763) kg/kg. The coefficient of regression (b) of weight increase during weaning and age six months (kg) was found to be significant and positive (P≤0.05) for children in daily production of milk (kg). Protein content and non-fat solids percentage reached 2.264,0.216, and 0.238 and the determination coefficient (R2) 0.13,0.22 and 0.09, respectively. the coefficient of regression of the 6th month's weight on birth weight according to the formula Y^= 12.95+0.162 BWT2 positive and ranged from 0.176 with a determination coefficient was (0.41). The expected birth weights, weaning weight, and 6th months approach to real weights of shami goat kids by applying Logistic Equation and Brody Equation.
shami goats, milk, regression coefficient and R2
Effect of genetic and non-genetic factors on some productive and reproductive traits of Holstein cows in the middle of Iraq
This study was conducted at the Al-Salam cows’ station for milk production located in Al-Latifiya sub- district - Al-Mahmudiyah district (25 km south of Baghdad governorate) on a sample of (180) Holstein cows imported from Germany by Taj Al-Nahrain company, to study the effect of the parity, season and calving year on total Milk Production (TMP), the lactation period (LP), calving interval (C.I), Services per conception (SPC)and to estimate the heritability of the studied traits. The results showed that the overall means of TMP and LP were 3172.53 kg and 237.09 days respectively. The parity effect on TMP in Holstein cows was highly significant. Total Milk production increased with the advance of parity and mostly reached its maximum value in the 4th and 3rd parity being 3305.87 kg and3286.35 kg per day, respectively. Season of calving has a highly significant effect on (TMP). Cows calved in spring had a higher milk production than those calved in other seasons. Season of calving had highly significant on services per conception. The result of the study showed the heritability value for TMP, LP, SPC and CL were 0.21 ,0.08 ,0.08 and 0.07 respectively.
Diagnosis of Histomonas meleagridis in naturally infected turkeys in different areas of Tikrit and Hawija District, Iraq
Clinical signs are Depression, loss of appetite, body weight loss with yellow foul smell diarrhea in some cases, as well as head drooping and ruffled feathers and the cyanosis head was observed only in a few cases of Poult. Macroscopic examination of cecum and liver samples showed an increase in thickness of cecum walls, in addition to the presence of bleeding and hard cheesy materials in the cecal cavity, while in the liver there was an enlargement and necrotic foci of different sizes and shapes.
Histomonas meleagridis ; Turkeys; cecum ;liver
Isolation and diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using traditional and Virtek-2 techniques
This study has been conducted in order to isolate and identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa from human urinary tract infections using traditional methods and the VITEK-2 system. Where , 120 patients with urinary tract infections participated. 20 samples were taken using a catheter and 100 urine samples were taken without a catheter. The samples were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours using brain heart infusion broth, then Pseudo agar, Cetrimide agar, and MacConkey agar. The bacterial isolates were purified and diagnosed by conventional biochemical tests. Then the pure cultures underwent examination by the Vitek-2 system. Bacterial isolates on MacConkey agar showed small, pale colonies, while Cetrimide agar showed bacterial isolates as smooth, mucous-shaped colonies. The use of the Vitek-2 system confirmed that all suspected colonies were isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of the current study revealed the isolation of sixty-eight (68 isolates) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. In Conclusion, Vitek-2 technology can quickly and accurately identify clinically important germs, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Diagnosis, Vitek-2 system, UTI
A study on the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli producing Extended-Spectrum beta-lactamase in animals
In conclusion, a study found that rats exposed to a fatal dose of toxins experienced significant structural and functional changes in their intestinal and cardiac tissues. The rats showed inflammatory changes, decreased blood flow, and gradual atrophy and necrosis of heart muscle fibers.
Escherichia coli, LD50, beta-lactam enzymes, heart infection, intestinal infection
Study of Hematological and Biochemical Changes of Natural Infection with Gastro-intestinal parasites in Local Cattle in Kirkuk City
This study has been conducted on nearby cows in Kirkuk for the duration from 1st December 2021 to end of May 2022. This examine found out the volume of intestinally - infectious worms in seven exclusive areas of Kirkuk metropolis clinically and laboratory. The survey protected 250 cows, and the entire frequency charge turned into 49.2%. Ten jewelry have been recognized through the infectious and infectious worship all through the contemporary observe and a dissertation of mixture: Ostertagia SPP Haemonchus SPP, Trichostrongylus Spp.toxocara SPP, Marshallagia SPP, Cooperia SPP, Ascaris SPP, Monezia SPP, Chabritia, Oesophagostomum. The maximum tempo of Ostertagia SPP is 23.57% observed via way of means of trichostrongylus intercourse through 20.32% and and then Haemonchus intercourse through 17.07% at the same time as recorded one intercourse of the bar and a monizea and a percent 2.43% in Hayman recorded the bottom peculiarity of Senses Oesophagostomum through 1.62%. The contemporary observe has demonstrated to be damaged through intestinally infectious loss A few in RBC blood cells and an decrease of Hb and (PCV) additionally recorded increased in white blood cells (TLC) in particular acid cells (Esionophils), also chemical requirements have reduced the average Total protein and albumin rate and lack the iron in serum.
Gastro-intestinal parasites, Biochemical, parasites
Detection Of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Seroprevalence Rate In Occupational Persons In Nineveh Province, Iraq
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) one of zoonotic viral tick born disease can infect both animals and human. Occupational persons which they are in direct contact with animals were at high risk . The disease infect animals by silent form and humans by severe type. Butchers 120 samples and veterinarians 83 samples were two occupational person groups sera targeted in our study. Results showed positive seroprevalence rate for the sera of butchers (9/120) 7.5 % , veterinarians (6/83) 7.228 % to CCHF by ELISA test. The highest results recorded according to age : butchers (2/19) 10.526 % with ages <30 year while veterinarians recorded (4/36) 11.111 % with age 33-43 years. Education degree: uneducated and secondary graduate degree butchers (2/11) 18.181 % and veterinarians (5/43) 11.627 % with under graduate degree. Finally according to living type: butchers (8/78) 10.256 % and veterinarians (5/28) 17.857 % that were living in districts and townships gave the highest result on the contrary to those living in the center of the city. It was concluded that CCHF was present in Ninevah province in Iraq and distributed all over the province in two important occupational peoples groups including butchers and veterinarians that targeted in the study
CCHF, Occupational persons, Incidence rate, ELISA, Ticks
This study used (40) laboratory mice whose average weight was (30 ± 3) grams, divided equally into four groups. The first group was injected subcutaneously with growth hormone at a concentration of 0.2 kilograms/mg between one day and another at a dose of 0.25 ml. for a period of three months. While the animals of second group were injected with 0.2mg/kg BW growth hormone and dosed orally with sage extract at a concentration of 50 mg/kg of body weight for three months. The third group was dosed with sage extract only, while the fourth group (control group) was not dosed or injected. The animals were dissected and samples were taken from the animals' kidneys and prepared for histological study to study the tissue changes resulting from injection with growth hormone and dosing with sage extract. The results showed the absence of normal tissue pattern in the group of male mice injected with growth hormone, in contrast to the group of mice injected with growth hormone and dosed with sage extract, while no tissue changes appeared in the kidneys of mice dosed with sage extract
Study of the esophagus in wild ducks and comparing it structurally and anatomically with the esophagus of cogen chickens
This study examined an anatomical and histological comparison of the esophagus for two types of poultry birds, the Wild ducks and the cogen chicken, the anatomical results showed that the esophagus in both birds is a relatively long, straight, tubular structure with a high capacity for expansion that connects the oral cavity to the stomach, and in ducks it is relatively long and extends on the dorsal side of the trachea. The airway is on the right side of the neck. It has a thin wall and has a high ability to expand because it contains many longitudinal folds, which contribute to absorbing large amounts of food. These folds make it difficult to identify the gizzard. The esophagus consists of two parts, a cervical esophagus and a thoracic esophagus. As for the cogen chicken, the esophagus expands in the middle, forming a part known as the gizzard. It divides the esophagus into two parts, the upper part is called the cervical esophagus. The cervical part, or upper esophagus, represents the upper esophagus part of the esophagus, and the lower esophagus, which is called the thoracic part, is shorter than the upper esophagus. The esophagus is a bulge in the form of a thin-walled sac, consisting of two bilobed lobes, and its wall contains small, prominent folds. In its beginning. Histologically, the esophagus of both birds consists of four tunicates: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous, and the epithelial layer contains stratified squamousepitheliumIt is wide, and in the Cogen chicken it was almost keratinized, with the presence of simple tubular esophageal glands in both birds in the basic lamina of the wall, and their number was less in ducks than in chickens, and the muscular mucosal layer is not present in ducks, and its presence is limited only to the upper part of the esophagus, which is thin and longitudinal in arrangement. As for the muscular and serous layers, they were in the same tissue arrangement, except for the difference in layer thickness. In ducks, it was thicker.
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Effect of glutathione injections on some semen characteristics of local billy goats
Given the importance of glutathione as an antioxidant, the study aimed to determine the effect of glutathione on the characteristics of semen in local goats. this study was conducted in the ruminant field of the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture, Diyala University. Local billy goats were trained continuously for two weeks as a preliminary stage for collecting semen. using an artificial vagina with microscopic examination of the required semen characteristics to make it ready for collection during the study period. The trial period lasted from 1/7/2022 to 1/10/2022. 15 sexually mature male local goats were used, their ages ranging from 1 to 1.5 years and their weights ranging from 35 to 40 kg. It was completed to divide the animals into 3 totals, where She was all group contains on 5 duplicates. and it was The difference in weights of the animals in all groups ranges from 1 to 1.5 kg. T1 injected Transaction The first 10ml poison was distilled water under the skin, and it was considered the treatment control while glutathione was dissolved in 10ml For each transaction, the other and in levels different from glutathione under skin, as follows: In the second transaction, T2 injected an amount of 15 mg for every kilo and transaction. Third, T3 injected by an amount of 30 mg for every kilo, end all month. It was completed with plural questioner semen using the vaginal artificial and procedure ratings necessary for the adjectives required. The results showed that injection of glutathione led to rise (p<0.05) in the wass matitits in T3 in comparison with the. T1andT2 as for individual matitits, it has decreased in T1compared withT2andT3 Sperm concentration was higher in both treatments. T2sndT3 on a transaction, T1control: The results showed that the percentage of live, dead, and deformed sperm was significantly higher than the treatment. Compared with other transactions T1andT2
Goats، glutathione , semen characteristics
Correlation and regression analysis of body weight, wool and blood traits for Awassi and Naimy and their crosses
This study was conducted at Khairat Al-Ittihad station in Al-Shumali district / Babil Governorate from period 7/20/2023 until 4/1/2024, to study birth weights and wool traits of ewes in local sheep by (20) Awassi and (20) Naimiya, in addition to (20) Awassi crossir Naimi. The study aimed to compare three breeds of local sheep for the traits of the dams weight at birth, the weight of the newborn, the body weight, and body dimensions, in addition to studying the traits of the wool, the weight of the raw and clean fleece, the length of the tuft, the length of the fiber, the number of folds, and the softness fiber. , tensile strength, elongation, fiber diameter and oil ratio , with a study of blood compound represented by total protein, glucose, cholesterol, glucose, triglycerides and Creatine , as well as a study of correlation and regression for the studied traits. A highly positive correlation was found between the clean fleece weight and each of the after weight, 0.922, the rumps height, 0.603, and the forefoot height, 0.679, while a highly significant, negative correlation was found between the clean fleece weight and each of the chest circumference,- 0.389 and the abdominal circumference, 0.599 - and the body mass index, 0.600 - and a positive significant correlation with... Body length 0.318. There is also a highly significant, positive correlation between hair length and chest circumference, 0.312, and a highly significant, negative correlation between fiber length and postpartum weight, 0.381 - and significant with chest circumference, 0.255. As for the correlation between body length and total protein, it was highly significant, positive, 0.538, significant with triglycerides, 0.262, and a negative significant correlation. Between the height and the triglycerides is -0.293. The study showed that there was a significant regression for body weight on body length by 0.227 kg/cm, and a highly significant regression for body weight on Body height by 0.574 kg, chest circumference 0.574 kg/cm, front height 0.225 kg/cm, and abdominal circumference 0.697. kg/cm. There was a highly significant regression of the clean fleece weight on both the raw fleece weight of 1.089 kg and the tensile strength of 0.181. There was a significant regression in the weight of clean fleece on triglycerides by 6.629. We note from the coefficient of determination that it ranges between the highest value of 0.800 in raw weight and the lowest value of 0.010 in Creatinene .
Awassi sheep, raw fleece weight, regression, correlation